The
components of physical fitness is the extent or levels of each acquired
attribute that determines the physical condition of a person. The five components are:
- Body composition - the relative
percentage of muscle, fat, bone and other tissues that comprise the
body. A fit person has a relatively
low percentage of body fat. Body
composition is measured by a height-and-weight formula, called body mass
index (BMI), which is based on the metric system.
- Cardiorespiratory fitness – the ability
of the heart, blood and respiratory system to supply oxygen to the muscles
to sustain exercise. The benefits
of cardiovascular exercise are: 1) decreased resting heart rate; 2) decreased
recovery time from exercise; 3) increased blood volume and red blood cells
to transport oxygen throughout the body; 4) stronger heart muscle allowing
it to eject more blood with each heartbeat; 5) increased number of
capillaries for efficient exchange of oxygen, carbon dioxide and nutrients
between blood and body cells; 6) decreased rate of respiration; 7)
increased aerobic capacity which allows the body cells to utilize oxygen
for better work efficiency; 8) prevents and/or reduces the risk of
developing coronary heart diseases.
- Flexibility – the range of motion
available in a joint. It is
affected by muscle length, joint structure, and other factors. A fit person can move the body joints
through a full range of motion in work and play.
- Muscular endurance – the ability of the
muscles to exert themselves repeatedly without undue fatigue. Performing push-ups, sit-ups, or
half-squats are examples of muscular endurance.
- Strength – the ability of the muscles to
exert an external force or to lift a heavy weight. A fit person can do work or play that
involves exerting force or controlling his body weight. There are three discrete components of
strength: 1) explosive strength, requiring movement, speed, and sudden
changes in direction such as running through an obstacle course or
throwing an object for distance; 2) static or isometric strength,
requiring little muscle shortening and is necessary in overcoming a heavy
resistance; 3) dynamic strength, which is the component found in repeated
muscle contraction.
(Skill-Related Physical Fitness
(Motor Fitness Components). The six skill-related components of physical fitness are more
associated with performance than good health, which will be discussed on Monday,
January 14, 2013.)
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